Top 10k strings from Chess Tutor 1 (1983)(Sinclair Research)(Side B).tzx in <root> / bin / z80 / software / Sinclair Spectrum Collection TOSEC.exe / Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Utilities & Educational / Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Utilities & Educational - [TZX] (TOSEC-v2007-01-01) /

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   7 r$="Checkmate":
   6 c$="000c":
   4 r$="Perpetual ch.":
   3 x$="white"
   3 t$="White to play.":
   3 t$="Can White castle Kingside?":
   3 t$="Can Black castle Queenside?":
   3 t$="Can Black castle Kingside?":
   3 r$(zi)=x$:
   2 x$="h5f7":
   2 x$="black":
   2 x$="2se5e6":
   2 t,q;"Check         ":
   2 t$="With what moves can Black give check?":
   2 t$="What is White's best move?":
   2 t$="Can White castle Queenside?":
   2 t$="Black to play. What is his next move?":
   2 t$="Black to move. Is he in stalemate?":
   2 r$="Gains a knight":
   2 q,p;"CHARACTERISTICS OF CHECKMATE":
   2 f$="h7g8":
   2 f$="f7e8":
   2 f$="d3g6":
   2 f$="c4g8":
   2 f$="a8c8":
   2 c$="020c":
   2 c$="011c":
   2 c$="000pqa1":
   2 c$="000m":
   2 a$="kg1rb1id3zkg5rf6if5":
   2 a$="f4e5":
   2 a$="e8g8":
   2 a$="e5f7":
   2 a$="9105e6e5":
   2 a$="0005e7e5":
   1 zn)="knight":
   1 zn)="bishop":
   1 zn)=" rook ":
   1 ze,q;" 3. To protect the king, a man      must move between the king      and the opponent giving         check. This is known as         'interposing a man.'"
   1 zb,q;"When giving check it is usual tosay 'Check'. The rules of Chess do not state that you have to doso, however."
   1 za,q;" 2. The attacking piece that is     giving check must be            captured."
   1 za,q;" 2. It is illegal to move your      king INTO check.":
   1 x$="h7f5":
   1 x$="h4h3":
   1 x$="g8h7":
   1 x$="g7g6d8e7d8f6":
   1 x$="g5g4c3b5f7d5":
   1 x$="g5g2":
   1 x$="g4g5":
   1 x$="f4f5":
   1 x$="f4b8":
   1 x$="e8f8":
   1 x$="e8e7":
   1 x$="e7d7e7e4e7e3":
   1 x$="e6a2":
   1 x$="e5f7":
   1 x$="e5e6":
   1 x$="e4g3e4c3e4f2":
   1 x$="e4e8":
   1 x$="e4e7":
   1 x$="e4e6e4e8":
   1 x$="e4d6":
   1 x$="e1e3d4c3e1g1e1f1":
   1 x$="e1d2f3d2":
   1 x$="d7d8d7d6":
   1 x$="d5d8":
   1 x$="d4c6d4e6d4f3d4b5":
   1 x$="d4c2":
   1 x$="d2g5":
   1 x$="d2a5":
   1 x$="d1f3d1h5":
   1 x$="d1d5":
   1 x$="d1d4":
   1 x$="c7h2":
   1 x$="c6e4":
   1 x$="c6d5":
   1 x$="c2h7":
   1 x$="c1c8":
   1 x$="black"
   1 x$="b6f2":
   1 x$="b5c7":
   1 x$="b2a1":
   1 x$="b1f5":
   1 x$="b1a3":
   1 x$="a7a8":
   1 x$="a6c4c6c4b8b2":
   1 x$="a2a1":
   1 x$="6sf7g7h7h6h5g5":
   1 x$="6me2e4e2e8e2a6e2a2e2g2e2f3":
   1 x$="6mc7c8c7c5c7d6c7d8c7e7c7f7":
   1 x$="5mf4d5e1c3f4h5a7f7e4e5":
   1 x$="4sc6d8e7g6":
   1 x$="3ma2d2a2a1e4e1"::
   1 x$="2sf8f7":
   1 x$="2me8f8e8e1":
   1 x$="2me6d5e6f5":
   1 x$="2mb6d8b6f2":
   1 x$="04dwwf3e5d8a5c1d2a5e5":
   1 x$="03dbbh8g8f5h7g8f8h7h8f8e7h8d8e7d8d3b5":
   1 x$="02pbba6c4c1c4c8c4":
   1 x$="02dwwf3e2c3d1":
   1 x$="02dwwe2e8d8e8c4d5e8e1g1h2e1e5h2g1e5d5"
   1 x$="02dwwe1f1c3d1":
   1 x$="02dwwe1d2e7g5d2c3g3h1f3h1c7c6":
   1 x$="02dwwe1d2c3d1":
   1 x$="02dwwd4f3d7d3":
   1 x$="02dwwd4d5a1h8":
   1 x$="02dwwd1e2c3e2":
   1 x$="02dbbf6c6d5c7c8c7":
   1 x$="02dbbb8c8d6c6c8d8c6b6d8e7b6c7e7f6c7d6f6f5d6f8f5g4f8c8f3f5h2h3g4h3c8f5g6f5":
   1 x$="02dbbb8b7d8d7b7b8d7d8":
   1 x$="02dbbb8b2c4c6c8c6d5d8":
   1 x$="01pwwf3g3g5f5g3g8":
   1 x$="01pwwf1h1g7g6g2g4h8g7g4h5g6h5h1h5":
   1 x$="01pwwa5a6a8b8a6b7":
   1 x$="01pwb"+v$(u11-k7
   1 x$="01pbwb1c1a2b1d2b1":
   1 x$="01pbbh4h2g1f1h2f2":
   1 x$="01pbbe4e1d2e1f3g2":
   1 x$="01pbbb4c2a1b1c2a3b1a1e4b1h1b1a3c2":
   1 x$="01pbba2d2h2h4f3g2":
   1 x$="01pbba2a1d2c1a1c1":
   1 x$="01dwwf3h4c6e5f2f4f8c5":
   1 x$="01dwwe2h5c5b4":
   1 x$="01dwwe2e4c7c6d2d4d7d5b1c3d5e4c3e4b8d7f1c4g8f6":
   1 x$="01dwwe2e4c7c5d2d4c5d4g1f3e7e5":
   1 x$="01dwwd2d7a7b8":
   1 x$="01dwwc2d2e4b1d1b1":
   1 x$="01dwwb4f8h8h7f8f7h7h8f7f8":
   1 x$="01dbwh6h5c6a8":
   1 x$="01dbbh4e1g1h2e1h4h2g1h4e1":
   1 x$="01dbbg8h7e8h5h7h8h5e8h8h7e8h5":
   1 x$="01dbbg7g3h2h1f4f3":
   1 x$="01dbbg5f4b7h7f4g3":
   1 x$="01dbbg3g1d4g1":
   1 x$="01dbbg3f4e1h1d5h1":
   1 x$="01dbbg3f4d4g7":
   1 x$="01dbbf4f3h2h1g7g2":
   1 x$="01dbbc7f7e6c8g8h7c8b8f7f2g1h1f2g2":
   1 x$="01dbbb7c8e7g7g8g7g2g7":
   1 v$="qqid2a5d8a5inpb1e4d5e4rrrc1c8a8c8nnie5d7e8d7iiqg5d8a5d8":
   1 u11-t)+v$(u11-k8)+v$(u11-r
   1 u11-e)+"z"+v$(u11-k9)+v$(u11-d
   1 t,q;"To stop (or parry) the check,   one of three things must take   place:":
   1 t,q;"Tactics are Chess tools, wherebya position can be made use of tobring about an advantage, such  as the winning  of material."
   1 t,q;"Checkmate occurs when the       capture of the king next move   cannot be avoided."
   1 t,q;"Check":
   1 t,q;"Check"
   1 t,q;"Check occurs when a player      threatens to capture the        opponents king on the next move."
   1 t,q;"A Skewer occurs when a piece    attacks along a line (rank, fileor diagonal) which is occupied  by at least two enemy men."
   1 t,q;"A Pin is a way of fixing or     immobilizing an enemy piece, by making it shield another piece  from attack.":
   1 t,k8;"CHARACTERISTICS"
   1 t$="c7-c8 & c7-d8 are examples of back rank mates.":
   1 t$="b8-b2 would be even worse, losing the queen to the c4 rook,followed by a back rank mate from rook d5 moving to d8. Watch.":
   1 t$="b2-c1 in this position is a very poor move.":
   1 t$="Your move.":
   1 t$="Your move."
   1 t$="Your move":
   1 t$="You can see the importance of learning the relative values of the pieces. Here is a simple test of your understanding.":
   1 t$="You are White. With what move can you fork two of Black's pieces?":
   1 t$="Wrong. g6-h5 captures the knight for nothing......":
   1 t$="Wrong. An example of a faulty execution of a discovered attack.":
   1 t$="With which of these two moves can White now give perpetual check?":
   1 t$="With what moves can White checkmate with his queen?"
   1 t$="With what moves can White check Black?":
   1 t$="With what five moves can White give check?":
   1 t$="With the exception of the special rules regarding check and checkmate, capturing is optional.":
   1 t$="With only a king left on the board, the only defence method left is to capture the enemy piece, or achieve stalemate.":
   1 t$="With his next move, White shows Black's 'win' of a knight to be a mistake. What is White's move?"
   1 t$="With double check the king is simultaneously attacked from two directions, and his only possible defence is to move.":
   1 t$="With correct play, Black gets checkmate in two moves. What are they?":
   1 t$="With a pawn fork, it does not matter if the enemy men are guarded, because the attacking pawn is of low value.":
   1 t$="With Black to move, can the White queen c8 be captured?":
   1 t$="Will Black ever be able to castle?":
   1 t$="Whose turn is it to move?":
   1 t$="Who has the advantage, Black or White?":
   1 t$="Who has made the better move?":
   1 t$="Who do you think is winning in this position?":
   1 t$="White, although a rook down, wins by discovered check.":
   1 t$="White's checks are exhausted.":
   1 t$="White to play. Who wins?":
   1 t$="White to play. Which move is correct? (Hint: Black has an undefended pawn.)":
   1 t$="White to play. What move would you make?":
   1 t$="White to play. What is his best move?":
   1 t$="White to play. Watch.":
   1 t$="White to play. Watch the b2 rook and b4 pawn combine for a discovered attack on the Black bishop."
   1 t$="White to play. The d5 knight is forking queen c7 and rook e7.":
   1 t$="White to play. The White bishop is half pinned. It can move along the b1-h7 diagonal ...":
   1 t$="White to play, and give check.":
   1 t$="White to play, and checkmate in two moves. You are White. (Hint: Pawn b7 is pinned.)":
   1 t$="White to play, and capture Black's queen in two moves. You are White. (Hint: Black's f4 bishop is pinned.)"
   1 t$="White to play and win. What is his best move? (Hint: There is a skewer on a Square.)":
   1 t$="White to play and win. (Hint: Black's king and knight are on the same file.)"
   1 t$="White to play and checkmate. (Hint: Black is weak on rank 8).":
   1 t$="White to play and checkmate in one move.":
   1 t$="White threatens to capture the e5 knight with f4-e5.":
   1 t$="White threatens checkmate, after promoting the pawn with d7-d8.":
   1 t$="White plays g2-c6, where the bishop may be taken by the Black rook.":
   1 t$="White plays f2-f6, threatening the queen e6, and also threatening checkmate by f6-g7."
   1 t$="White plans to attack pawn f7, the weak point in Black's defence, which is only defended by the king.":
   1 t$="White now can capture the Black queen with the king or the knight. Which would you choose?":
   1 t$="White must lose material in this postion. "+i$:
   1 t$="White is two pieces down and threatened with Checkmate. Which move allows White to draw the game with perpetual check?"
   1 t$="White is said to have placed his bishop en prise.":
   1 t$="White instead retreats....":
   1 t$="White has the option of capturing Black's queen with h3-d7.":
   1 t$="White has gained a draw despite being hopelessly behind in material."
   1 t$="White has gained a bishop, and has a winning advantage in material.":
   1 t$="White forks the rook and the pawn....":
   1 t$="White escapes from the double threat to his king and queen by moving the king out of check...":
   1 t$="White ends a piece up.":
   1 t$="White captures the bishop.":
   1 t$="White captured a knight (3 pawns), but in doing so allowed Black to capture a rook (5 pawns). Advantage to Black.":
   1 t$="White can capture in four ways ( 1 & 2 put Black into check). Which is best?":
   1 t$="White and Black exchange pawns at d5.":
   1 t$="Which of these two moves is best for Black?":
   1 t$="Which of these two moves by the bishop allows the White king the fewest moves?":
   1 t$="Which move would you make, b1-a3, h4-e7, or f8-g8?":
   1 t$="Which move is correct? (Each move gives discovered check from the queen e7.)":
   1 t$="Which is the best move for Black?":
   1 t$="Which Black pieces are pinned?":
   1 t$="Whenever a king is in check, the threat to capture him next move MUST be removed. If the threat cannot be stopped...     ... then it is Checkmate, and the game is over.":
   1 t$="When you play a capture sequence, make sure you calculate exactly, or you may lose a piece.":
   1 t$="When making a discovered check, don't place the the unveiling piece on a square where it can be captured by the king.":
   1 t$="When a piece is wholly pinned, enemy pieces can be placed en prise to it, since thay cannot be captured.":
   1 t$="What squares can the Black king move to?":
   1 t$="What move must White NOT play now? (Remember stalemate.)":
   1 t$="What move can Black make that shows this to be a mistake by White?":
   1 t$="What is White's only move to get out of check?":
   1 t$="What is White's next move?":
   1 t$="What is Black's next move?":
   1 t$="What is Black's best move?":
   1 t$="Watch these moves."
   1 t$="Watch the sequence.":
   1 t$="Watch the rest of the sequence.":
   1 t$="Watch the first moves carefully; the question comes afterwards.":
   1 t$="Watch the first moves carefully.":
   1 t$="Watch Black's move, then play White's reply.":
   1 t$="Watch Black lose. You must ensure, if you are trying to get stalemate, that you have no other possible move.":
   1 t$="Two pieces one square apart on the same rank are always targets for pawn forks.":
   1 t$="This type of checkmate is known as 'smothered mate'.":
   1 t$="This move contests the centre, opens up the d8-h4 diagonal for the queen ....":
   1 t$="This is the shortest recorded International game of Chess- White resigned!":
   1 t$="This is a bad move. Black captures a knight, but loses the game. First White captures the queen ..":
   1 t$="This exercise demonstrates the queen's power, through the number of ways she can pursue an attack.":
   1 t$="This example shows how easy it is to fall into stalemate. First watch how Black ought to play, to force checkmate."
   1 t$="Third try.":
   1 t$="There is no defence. The knight giving check cannot be captured.":
   1 t$="There are no safe squares for the king to move to. Knight c3 is covering squares e2 & e4 ....":
   1 t$="The trap is set ...":
   1 t$="The squares a2,b2 & b1 are all covered by the queen b3.":
   1 t$="The second checkmate. You are Black; your first move is e4-e1.":
   1 t$="The rook moves to fork the bishop and the knight.":
   1 t$="The quickest form of checkmate is Fool's mate. Watch carefully.":
   1 t$="The queen forks the bishops. Black must lose one, since the bishops cannot defend each other.":
   1 t$="The promotion to queen is an added bonus.":
   1 t$="The promoted queen is captured by the rook ...":
   1 t$="The pinned piece moved, and the rook was captured.":
   1 t$="The pawn simultaneously attacks the pieces on two squares- it forks a rook and a knight.":
   1 t$="The pawn capture discovers an attack by the rook on the bishop, which is unguarded."
   1 t$="The pawn b7 was pinned against the king by the bishop, and could not capture the queen.":
   1 t$="The pawn attacks the knight.":
   1 t$="The pawn advance discovers the bishop check on the king.":
   1 t$="The other move (b6-d8) allows him to move to 3 squares g4,h3 & g3.":
   1 t$="The original position. With what initial moves does Black threaten to checkmate White in two?":
   1 t$="The knight threatens to capture the Black queen.":
   1 t$="The knight is the man most suited to deliver forks, because it can attack enemy men without itself being attacked..":
   1 t$="The knight forks the queen and rook. Black will now gain material.":
   1 t$="The knight b6 guards the a8 square, so White cannot play 2. f3-a8 checkmate.":
   1 t$="The king is therefore forced to move to e2.":
   1 t$="The king is compelled to move...":
   1 t$="The king cannot move to rank 7, as he would be moving into check from the rook a7.":
   1 t$="The king cannot move out of check; rook f8 covers squares f1 & f2 ....":
   1 t$="The king cannot move along rank 3, because he would still be in check from the queen.":
   1 t$="The king MUST move ...":
   1 t$="The fork is the most common and important tactic found in Chess. Any man can give a fork, even a King.":
   1 t$="The final checkmate. Your first move is a2-d2":
   1 t$="The e6 queen attacks the knight ... but it is Black to move.":
   1 t$="The defending side must parry the threat to the king ...":
   1 t$="The c5 bishop is giving check to White's king.":
   1 t$="The bishop simultaneously attacks along two diagonals. Black's rook and king are forked.":
   1 t$="The bishop is placed en prise. White must remove the threat to the king ...":
   1 t$="The bishop has skewered the king and queen on the a3-f8 diagonal.":
   1 t$="The bishop c5 has no legal move, as the Black king would be exposed to check from the rook. The rook pins the bishop.":
   1 t$="The best move. Both the e5 and f7 pawns are defended...":
   1 t$="The best continuation. White captures a rook (worth 5 pawns), and gains an advantage which should help win the game.":
   1 t$="The White rook d1 can capture the d5 pawn. What is the capturing move, d1-d5 or d1-d6?":
   1 t$="The White knight is also attacked.":
   1 t$="The White Queen a3 is giving check to the Black king f8. She threatens to capture him next move.":
   1 t$="The Black queen g3 is giving check.":
   1 t$="Suppose now that it is Black to move first. He can also give checkmate, with g5-h3.":
   1 t$="Stalemate often occurs when a player tries to press home the attack too quickly.":
   1 t$="Stalemate occurs when the player whose turn it is to move cannot make a legal move, but his king is not in Check."
   1 t$="Stalemate can be used as a tactic for getting a draw, for the player who has least material.":
   1 t$="Square f5 is attacked by pawn e4.":
   1 t$="So: take care to avoid stalemate when you're trying to force checkmate, with only a queen on the board.":
   1 t$="Shows another typical perpetual check position. The Black queen see-saws along the e1-h4 diagonal."
   1 t$="Should White play this move?"
   1 t$="Should White now play 4. f3-e5?":
   1 t$="Second try.":
   1 t$="Rook h3 is en prise to knight g5.":
   1 t$="Rook f4 is en prise to pawn e5.":
   1 t$="Rook b8 covers squares b1 &b2, cornering the king."
   1 t$="Remember: The main object of the game is to checkmate your opponent, not to gain material (even though this may help).":
   1 t$="Positions involving several pins at once can be dangerous to both players.":
   1 t$="Pawn h7 is en prise to rook h3.":
   1 t$="Pawn d5 is en prise to king d6.":
   1 t$="Opens up diagonals for the queen and the white square bishop.":
   1 t$="Opening: Sicilian Defence. White- R.F.Combe (Scotland). Black- W.R.Hasenfuss (Latvia). Venue- Folkestone, 1933. Watch."
   1 t$="Only pieces standing on the same colour may be forked by a knight.":
   1 t$="One way of dealing with the threat of a discovered attack is to move the man who is about to be attacked.":
   1 t$="One of the five moves gives Black only one possible reply. Which one?":
   1 t$="On what square is the piece that pins knight d8?":
   1 t$="On square e5 the king would still be in check from bishop c3.":
   1 t$="On White's next move, the pawn will promote to queen.":
   1 t$="Often, there is only one way of getting out of check. Here is an example. Find Black's move.":
   1 t$="Now watch this move.":
   1 t$="Now suppose it's Black's first move. Black to play and mate in one."
   1 t$="Now suppose it is Black to play. He can also checkmate in one. How?":
   1 t$="Now play White's winning move. You know where the weakness is.":
   1 t$="Now play White's next move which shows Black's move to be a blunder.":
   1 t$="Now play Black's move which proves White's capture of the pawn to be a blunder.":
   1 t$="Notice how with discovered check it is possible to attack pieces which are far apart at either end of the board.":
   1 t$="Notes: The White rook, bishop and pawn combine to prevent the king from escaping.":
   1 t$="Notes: Double check is normally abbreviated as 'dble. ch.'.       It is an extremely dangerous attacking tactic.":
   1 t$="Notes. 1. Two attacking pieces are involved, so it is more dangerous than a fork where only one piece is involved."
   1 t$="Note that the White knight attacks 8 squares, all the same colour.":
   1 t$="Note that pawn h7 is also en prise to bishop d3.":
   1 t$="Note how the queen and knight combine to trap the Black king. Often, to force checkmate, several pieces are needed.":
   1 t$="Not the best move. White replies b2-c4 ...":
   1 t$="Not the best move. White has lost the right to castle.":
   1 t$="Not so bad for Black is g3-g1 ...":
   1 t$="Not only a discovered check from the rook, but the unmasking piece also gives check."
   1 t$="Not correct. Black can capture the rook for nothing with either f6-f7 ....":
   1 t$="Not best. This move defends both the e5 and f7 pawns ...":
   1 t$="Not a good move in this position. Black can take the knight with c6-b5 ; White has exchanged a knight for a bishop.":
   1 t$="No piece can interpose.":
   1 t$="No piece can interpose between the White king and the Black knight.":
   1 t$="No Black man can interpose, so Black must play c8-c3, capturing the piece which is giving check.":
   1 t$="Look at the following continuation.":
   1 t$="Last try.":
   1 t$="Knight d3 covers square f2 ...":
   1 t$="Knight c7 is supported by rook c1.":
   1 t$="It is White to move. Let's examine a possible continuation.":
   1 t$="Is the rook e4 wholly pinned?":
   1 t$="Is the Black bishop pinned?":
   1 t$="Is f4-e5 the best move for White?":
   1 t$="Is White able to castle Queenside?":
   1 t$="Incorrect. h5-e5+ wins a pawn...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. White can escape from perpetual check. "+i$:
   1 t$="Incorrect. The knight d3 is not attacked along the d file.":
   1 t$="Incorrect. The king may either exchange his knight with b3-d5 ...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. The e5 pawn can be captured either by the pawn at d6 ...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. Not a genuine fork. The d7 queen protects the pawn from attack by the f3 queen.":
   1 t$="Incorrect. Black forks the knight and the bishop, winning material.":
   1 t$="Incorrect. Black attacks the knight ...":
   1 t$="Incorrect. "+i$:
   1 t$="In this position, the queen forked the king and the knight. A fork with a combined check is especially dangerous.":
   1 t$="In this position, each of these three defences is possible.":
   1 t$="In this new position, which side threatens checkmate in one?":
   1 t$="In this example, with Black to move, stalemate occurs.":
   1 t$="In this example, Black played his capture sequence a move behind, and therefore lost a piece.":
   1 t$="In this example, Black is in a hopeless position ...":
   1 t$="In this (original) position, Black has two good moves, both of which win material. What are they?"
   1 t$="In the example, the bishop and pawn could not both be defended at the same time."
   1 t$="In each case, White must first remove the threat to the king.":
   1 t$="If you played 1 .... a2-a1 , this can also lead to a draw by perpetual check.":
   1 t$="If you got either of these questions wrong, you might wish to go back to do some revision before going any further.":
   1 t$="If it is White to move, he can checkmate Black with c3-g7.":
   1 t$="If White were to play d3-h7, the bishop h7 would be en prise to knight g5.":
   1 t$="If White had played b4-b8, the Black king could have manoeuvred around the pawns.":
   1 t$="If Black plays g3-f4 he loses. Watch.":
   1 t$="If Black had played b8-b1+ , White would have captured the rook for nothing.":
   1 t$="If Black attempts to capture the knight ...":
   1 t$="If Black attacks the White pawn with his rook...":
   1 t$="However, with an incorrect first move, Black could Stalemate the king. What is it?":
   1 t$="However, if Black had played incorrectly, the game could have ended in stalemate. Watch again."
   1 t$="How many pawns is a  queen worth?":
   1 t$="How many exchanging possibilities exist for White?"
   1 t$="How many White pieces are pinned?":
   1 t$="How many White men are en prise?":
   1 t$="How many Black men are en prise?":
   1 t$="How many 'points' does White have?":
   1 t$="How many 'points' does Black have?":
   1 t$="How can Black, using double check, give checkmate in four moves? (You play Black. This puzzle is not easy!)"
   1 t$="How can Black parry (stop) the check?":
   1 t$="Here is an example of checkmate in the opening. Caro-Kann defence."
   1 t$="Here is an example of Checkmate. The White queen at g7 is giving checkmate.":
   1 t$="Here White should have removed his queen from danger.":
   1 t$="Guarding the knight, and the checkmate threat.":
   1 t$="Go slowly, and make sure you understand each move before going on to the next.":
   1 t$="Forks the knight and the pawn.":
   1 t$="Forking the undefended pawn f7, and threatening mate.":
   1 t$="First try.":
   1 t$="Final notes: 1. Knights can never pin. 2. If another piece pins a knight, the knight is nearly always wholly pinned, not half pinned.":
   1 t$="Exchange Number "+
   1 t$="Even a pawn may give checkmate.":
   1 t$="Each possible defence method for Black fails.
   1 t$="Does this move lead to an exchange?":
   1 t$="Correct. White skewers the g7 square, threatening checkmate.":
   1 t$="Correct. This way, White retains the right to castle.":
   1 t$="Correct. This is checkmate. The attacking pawn cannot be captured by the king, as it is defended by rook g8.":
   1 t$="Correct. The queen see-saws between h5 & d8 perpetually giving check.":
   1 t$="Correct. The knights are inadequately defended, and are skewered along the d file. Watch.":
   1 t$="Correct. Supported by bishop d3, White threatens checkmate with 2. h5-h7. Pawn c5 is undefended.":
   1 t$="Correct. Square e6 is attacked by the f4 knight.":
   1 t$="Correct. Black wins a queen; White cannot save her. Watch White's attempts.":
   1 t$="Correct. A bishop captures a queen. Now find Black's next move after White (that's me) plays c1-c4 ...":
   1 t$="Correct. "+i$:
   1 t$="Consequently, the game is finished - and drawn.":
   1 t$="Complete the sequence for each of the three moves. In the first sequence, your opening move is a2-a1. You play Black.":
   1 t$="Checkmate with capture occurs at c8 & f7.":
   1 t$="Check. Sets up Black's next move (can you guess?) ...":
   1 t$="Check. Not the best move. Black can play d6-f7, threatening to fork the rook and the knight with his next move (g3-h3).":
   1 t$="Check. Not the best continuation. White gains a pawn, but Black can play d8-e7...":
   1 t$="Check- but the worst choice. Black plays b5-c6, and captures a knight (worth 3 pawns) for the loss of one pawn.":
   1 t$="Characteristics of the pin are: 1. Three pieces are needed to set a pin up, the pinning piece (c1) ...":
   1 t$="Captures the pawn, and forks the knight and the f8 square, threatening checkmate by 3. c5-f8."
   1 t$="Can the king capture the pawn?":
   1 t$="Can White stop the check by interposing the f5 knight with f5-e3?"
   1 t$="Can White parry (stop) the check by capturing the White queen with f5-g3?"
   1 t$="Can White castle?":
   1 t$="Can White castle now?":
   1 t$="Can Black now play b2-c1, threatening to capture White's queen?":
   1 t$="Can Black give check?":
   1 t$="Can Black get out of check by moving his king?":
   1 t$="Can Black castle?":
   1 t$="By placing the queen alternately on which two squares will White be able to give perpetual check?":
   1 t$="But since White can win a rook for a bishop with b2-c3, Black  has lost material.":
   1 t$="Both players therefore have the capability to checkmate the other, even though Black is a queen and a rook down.":
   1 t$="Black's third move (g8-f6) was the key error. What move should he have played?":
   1 t$="Black's next move is a1-c1; he will soon checkmate White.":
   1 t$="Black to play.":
   1 t$="Black to play. Watch.":
   1 t$="Black to play. The king is in check.":
   1 t$="Black to play. Is he in stalemate?":
   1 t$="Black to play. Bishop c1 is attacking rook f4.":
   1 t$="Black to play, and skewer White's knights. Which move is correct?":
   1 t$="Black to play and checkmate. Look for a co-ordinated attack with the rook and bishop.":
   1 t$="Black threatens to capture White's queen. What is White's best move?"
   1 t$="Black threatens checkmate in 3 ways, with h4-f2, h4-h2, and h4-h1.":
   1 t$="Black should first have played e8-g8, completing development and protecting the back rank, before moving c8-c4.":
   1 t$="Black must take action against this threat, so instead he moves the bishop away from attack...":
   1 t$="Black moves to prevent the checkmate ...":
   1 t$="Black moves his pawn to stop the checkmate.":
   1 t$="Black moves 2 .... f8-g8, removing the rook from threat of capture.)":
   1 t$="Black intended giving checkmate at g2, by next moving his queen g3-g2. But White cannot now move.":
   1 t$="Black has only captured a rook.":
   1 t$="Black has no choice but to move his king ...":
   1 t$="Black has captured two pawns, and the White knight is now undefended and attacked.":
   1 t$="Black has blundered. "+i$
   1 t$="Black first exchanges a knight for a bishop ...":
   1 t$="Black counters with a threat to White's queen.":
   1 t$="Black captures a queen and a pawn for a bishop.":
   1 t$="Black captures White's queen. All square in material loss- so far.":
   1 t$="Bishop f8 is en prise to rook f4.":
   1 t$="Bishop d3 is en prise to rook a3.":
   1 t$="Before playing any move, make sure you do not leave yourself in a worse position.":
   1 t$="Back to the sequence.":
   1 t$="Back to the last position. After c6-d5, White replies c4-c8+, ...":
   1 t$="Back rank mates are common in Chess. Beware!":
   1 t$="Bacause of the pin on the bishop, White could place the queen on a square where she could capture Black's queen ...":
   1 t$="Attacks f7 again, and also e5.":
   1 t$="As the king must move, the unmasking (moving) piece can be placed en prise to the king.":
   1 t$="As the king cannot be captured, it is not possible to put a value on it.":
   1 t$="As it is, White wins material, by capturing the rook.":
   1 t$="As it is, White now captures the queen with a knight - a favourable capture.":
   1 t$="Are there any exceptions to this rule?":
   1 t$="Another type of fork involves simultaneously attacking a piece and a vital square, usually threatening checkmate.":
   1 t$="Another quick checkmate is known as Scholar's Mate. Watch carefully.":
   1 t$="An example of a lengthy capture sequence. White to play.":
   1 t$="An error. The rook is captured.":
   1 t$="An error. Black fails to heed the danger to f7, and attacks the queen.":
   1 t$="An easily won game for White.":
   1 t$="Although this wins material, it does not force a checkmate (yet). Not the best solution.":
   1 t$="After 1. ..... e8-g8 ..":
   1 t$="A queen can give stalemate without the assisstance of any other piece. Here is an example.":
   1 t$="A potential series of captures. Which move is best for Black? (Consider your choice very carefully).":
   1 t$="A poor move. There is no checkmate, and White gains material with b4-d5.":
   1 t$="A pinned piece is weak, because it cannot move. You will find that pins are very common in Chess games.":
   1 t$="A piece may be en prise for several moves. Sometimes a piece en prise may never be taken.":
   1 t$="A piece is stated to be En Prise if it is on a square where it may be captured by another piece.":
   1 t$="A pawn attack on a pinned piece usually leads to an advantage, since the pinned piece is attacked by a less valuable man.":
   1 t$="A good move, but not the best. Black has captured a pawn, and won the exchange. Watch the sequence."
   1 t$="A bad error. Now play Black's winning move.":
   1 t$="6. A piece may be 'half-pinned'; in this case, it still has some mobility.":
   1 t$="5. A pinned piece can move (except when a king is screened by it), but at the risk of losing the screened piece.":
   1 t$="4. A piece pinned against a king cannot move.":
   1 t$="3. With 1..... h4-e7 the bishop interposes between the queen and the king to stop the check.":
   1 t$="3. Therefore, the unveiling (moving) man may be moved to a square where it is en prise (directly attacked) ...":
   1 t$="3. The screened piece is generally more valuable than the pinned piece (and is therefore more worth saving).":
   1 t$="3. No piece can interpose between the king and the attacking queen.":
   1 t$="3 Black cannot make any other     move.":
   1 t$="2. a8-b8. Black's next move. In this position, material is level.":
   1 t$="2. The knight b1 may capture the Queen a3.":
   1 t$="2. The king cannot move out of check. Moving to h8 or f7 still keeps the king in check from the queen.":
   1 t$="2. It is not possible for the defending side to capture both attacking men at once.":
   1 t$="2. A pin is an attack on two pieces along the same line.":
   1 t$="1. e2-d2. Stops the check, and attacks the undefended Black queen.":
   1 t$="1. The queen giving check cannot be captured by the king, since it is covered by the bishop b2.":
   1 t$="1. The king may move out of check to any of these four squares.":
   1 t$="1 Black is not in check or mate 2 The king can't move legally":
   1 t$="1 ..... a5-d2. Check. Exchanging the attacking piece.":
   1 t$="..or White can play b4-g4...":
   1 t$="..... or he can move to a safe square. What squares can he safely move to?":
   1 t$="...(except by another knight, of course).":
   1 t$="... without herself being captured.":
   1 t$="... while bishop d6 guards squares f4 & g3.":
   1 t$="... while bishop b7 covers squares h1 & g2.":
   1 t$="... while White's king covers e1 and e2.":
   1 t$="... which gives this man the opportunity to attack a more valuable piece.":
   1 t$="... whereby he loses a queen for a rook.":
   1 t$="... threatening to capture the e6 knight. The knight has no more checks.":
   1 t$="... threatening checkmate by 2. d4-g7.":
   1 t$="... the pinned piece (c5) ...":
   1 t$="... so White wins a queen, and prevents checkmate.":
   1 t$="... or with the b3 bishop.":
   1 t$="... or the king can move to a safe square. What squares are safe for him?"
   1 t$="... or the Black king.":
   1 t$="... now Black captures White's queen ...":
   1 t$="... he loses his queen.":
   1 t$="... capturing Black's queen. How do you think the moves continue (you are Black)?":
   1 t$="... but the best square for the knight g8 is f6; the queen now blocks this move.":
   1 t$="... but not along the f1-a6 diagonal.":
   1 t$="... but loses the rook.":
   1 t$="... but he attacks e4 and h3. Watch."
   1 t$="... but cannot protect the rook.":
   1 t$="... and then captures a knight.":
   1 t$="... and the screened piece (c8).":
   1 t$="... and the queen is captured.":
   1 t$="... and the f8-a3 diagonal for the bishop.":
   1 t$="... and it is White who will win!":
   1 t$="... and gains a rook.":
   1 t$="... and capturing the unmasking piece at the same time.":
   1 t$="... and White wins a rook.":
   1 t$="... and White has lost the queen.":
   1 t$="... and White defends his pawn from attack by the c8 rook. White ends a pawn up.":
   1 t$="... and Black will soon be able to play g8-f6 to chase away the h5 queen.":
   1 t$="... and Black falls into it.":
   1 t$="... and Black cannot defend his rook h8, since he must first parry the check.":
   1 t$="... and 2. d4-b4, White has captured a bishop.":
   1 t$=".. recapturing the bishop. Watch these remaining moves.":
   1 t$=".. leading to 2 a3-d6. White now threatens to capture the rook f8 with bishop d6, another favourable capture.":
   1 t$=".. exchanging rooks.":
   1 t$=".. capturing the pawn.":
   1 t$=".. and the king's inability to escape from behind his pawns.":
   1 t$=".. and Black wins a rook for a knight ....":
   1 t$=".. and Black captures with b8-c8. Black has gained a queen and a rook - and all by doing things in the right order.":
   1 t$=".. White captures the bishop.":
   1 t$="(The correct move, however, was to remove the threat to the queen with 1 .... e7-d6 ..":
   1 t$=" White to play and checkmate in one move.":
   1 r,q;"Here is a summary of points to  remember about forks:-":
   1 r,k8;"CHARACTERISTICS":
   1 r$="h7-f5 is a Blunder. It is stalemate, and Black has managed to gain a draw.":
   1 r$="e7-c8 is illegal, because of the exposed check to the king."
   1 r$="With this move, the king can only move to 2 squares.":
   1 r$="Wins exchange ":
   1 r$="Wins a rook":
   1 r$="Wins a pawn. White can either play c6-e5...":
   1 r$="White has five exchange possibilities. Now play Black, as White demonstates the exchanges."
   1 r$="White has a material advantage.":
   1 r$="White has a better move.":
   1 r$="White has 6 pawns, 2 rooks (both worth 5 pawns), and a bishop (worth 3 pawns). Total 19 pawns value.":
   1 r$="When you capture, make sure that your opponent cannot reply with a better capture.":
   1 r$="When the unmasking piece (the Black bishop in this example) gives check, the discovery is a powerful weapon.":
   1 r$="Watch White's move, then play Black's move.":
   1 r$="Two of Black's men are en prise.":
   1 r$="This way, Black captures the attacking piece, with a piece of less value.":
   1 r$="This move opens the way for a fork by Black."
   1 r$="This move is illegal, as the king is in check."
   1 r$="This move is a capture, since a knight has taken a queen. After f3-d2, White has lost a queen for a knight.":
   1 r$="This move exposes the White king to check from bishop g6, and is therefore illegal.":
   1 r$="This is an example of a 'back rank' mate. It exploits Black's unprotected back rank (rank 8) ...":
   1 r$="This is also a 'back rank mate'. Rank 1 is White's 'back rank'.":
   1 r$="The veiled attack on the queen is discovered by the bishop move, which captures a knight and also attacks the rook b7.":
   1 r$="The threat to Black's king must be removed before any other move can be made."
   1 r$="The squares between the king and rook are empty. Although knight f2 attacks rook h1, this does not stop White castling.":
   1 r$="The squares between king and rook are unoccupied.":
   1 r$="The rook is wholly pinned against the king.":
   1 r$="The rook h1 can castle, despite being attacked by the bishop b7."
   1 r$="The queen skewers the rook through the king, which must move.":
   1 r$="The queen attacks simultaneously along rank 4 and a diagonal. Black's pieces are unguarded at the moment.":
   1 r$="The promoted pawn can checkmate in the same move that the promotion takes place.":
   1 r$="The knight forks the king and the rook - particularly dangerous for Black.":
   1 r$="The knight f2 is attacking square d1; the White king would have to castle through check.":
   1 r$="The king cannot move to rank 4, since these squares are guarded by pawns c5 & d5.":
   1 r$="The king can only move to squares (g7,h7) which are already covered by the queen. Such moves are illegal.":
   1 r$="The king can only escape check by the capture of the queen.":
   1 r$="The g2 knight can move.":
   1 r$="The earlier queen a5 check has been parried.":
   1 r$="The discovered check from the bishop simultaneously enables White to attack the king and capture the undefended rook.":
   1 r$="The capturing piece always occupies the square of the captured piece.":
   1 r$="The c1 square is attacked by the queen at c7. White would be castling into check.":
   1 r$="The bishop cannot be captured. No piece can interpose.":
   1 r$="The a8 rook has moved to c8. Queenside castling is no longer possible.":
   1 r$="The White rook is pinned.":
   1 r$="The White queen is the pinning piece.":
   1 r$="The White king is in check to the Black queen a5; it is illegal to castle out of check.":
   1 r$="The White king can now escape, if Black moves b2-b1, by moving f1-e2.":
   1 r$="The Black king is in check. If it were White's move, the king would be captured, which is impossible."
   1 r$="The Black king has moved, to d8.":
   1 r$="Stalemate. The queen prevents the White king from moving, but does not put White into check.":
   1 r$="Stalemate":
   1 r$="Square b8 is occupied by the White bishop.":
   1 r$="Same reason. "+r$:
   1 r$="Once the king has moved, castling is impossible.":
   1 r$="No Black piece can move. The king cannot move to the g file because of the rook g6."
   1 r$="Never capture when you can checkmate!":
   1 r$="Interposing the bishop at h7 is Black's only move.":
   1 r$="In capturing the White bishop at b8, the rook a8 has moved.":
   1 r$="In capturing the Black queen with the knight, White disclosed bishop g4, which attacks the d1 square.":
   1 r$="In capturing a minor piece, Black has allowed his queen to be captured."
   1 r$="If the White king takes with b1-a2, it is immediate Stalemate!":
   1 r$="If Black had played c6-c4, the b2 knight would have captured the queen (at c4).":
   1 r$="His bishop is on a light square, but the White king is on a dark square.":
   1 r$="Gives discovered check from the rook d1, and also attacks the Black queen.":
   1 r$="Four of White's men are en prise.":
   1 r$="Even a pawn can give check.":
   1 r$="Double check.":
   1 r$="Double check. "+i$
   1 r$="Count up the 'pawn points' value of the remaining material.":
   1 r$="Checkmate.":
   1 r$="Checkmate. The king cannot move, the queen cannot be captured.":
   1 r$="Checkmate. (Black should have moved f6-e4, taking White's knight and blocking the attack from the queen e2.)":
   1 r$="Check. The king and queen are skewered on the diagonal.":
   1 r$="Check":
   1 r$="By moving his pawn, Black left square d5 unguarded. The knight d5 now forks the queen,rook and bishop."
   1 r$="Black loses.":
   1 r$="Black has the pawn move h6-h5 available."
   1 r$="Black has 6 pawns, and 2 rooks. Total 16 pawns value.":
   1 r$="Black captures the rook (worth 5 pawns) rather than the knight (worth 3 pawns).":
   1 r$="Bishop c4 is still attacking g8.":
   1 r$="Bishop c4 is attacking the g8 square; castling into check is not allowed.":
   1 r$="All requirements for castling to be allowed are met.":
   1 r$="A pawn capturing en passant is the exception.":
   1 r$="A king may not threaten another king, so it cannot move to an adjoining square.":
   1 r$="A  queen is worth 8 pawns.":
   1 r$="(e8-e1 would allow the king to capture with f1-e1. A king can capture the piece giving check.)":
   1 p,q;"Rook forks   ":
   1 p,q;"Queen forks   ":
   1 p,q;"Pawn forks    ":
   1 p,q;"Knight forks  ":
   1 p,q;"King forks    ":
   1 p,q;"Bishop forks  ":
   1 num*zp+3580
   1 num*zp+3435
   1 num*zp+3305
   1 k8,q;"The notation for recording checkis '+' or 'ch' ; for example,   Qa6-a3+ ."
   1 k8)="knight":
   1 k8)="bishop":
   1 k8)=" rook ":
   1 k7,q;"Discovered Check is a particularform of Discovered Attack, wherethe unveiled (stationary) piece - not the (moving) unmasking    piece - gives check."
   1 f$="h6h8":
   1 f$="h6h5":
   1 f$="h4e1":
   1 f$="h2h1g2f1":
   1 f$="h2g1":
   1 f$="g7h7h6":
   1 f$="g5h4d1d8":
   1 f$="g5f6":
   1 f$="g4h3f4f3":
   1 f$="g4h3":
   1 f$="g4d1":
   1 f$="g2f3e4d5c6b7e7d7c7":
   1 f$="g1g2g6":
   1 f$="f7h8":
   1 f$="f7a5b6e6f6h7e7f8":
   1 f$="f6a1":
   1 f$="f5c8":
   1 f$="f4c7":
   1 f$="f2h1":
   1 f$="f2d1":
   1 f$="f1e2":
   1 f$="e8f8g8":
   1 f$="e8e7e6e5e4e3e2d5c6b7":
   1 f$="e8d8":
   1 f$="e8a8":
   1 f$="e4e8":
   1 f$="e2d6e8":
   1 f$="e1a5":
   1 f$="d8h8":
   1 f$="d5c7e7f6":
   1 f$="d4c4b4e5f6g7h8":
   1 f$="d4a1h8":
   1 f$="c7a8e8"
   1 f$="c6e4h1":
   1 f$="c5g1":
   1 f$="c4d4e4":
   1 f$="c4b2":
   1 f$="c1c7":
   1 f$="b8e8h8":
   1 f$="b7h4":
   1 f$="b7h1":
   1 f$="b2c3d4e5f6g7h8c2e1":
   1 f$="b1a2":
   1 f$="a8b8":
   1 f$="a4b3c2f2h3g3d1a1f3":
   1 f$="a1c1":
   1 e,q;"Perpetual check occurs when one side is able to continue giving check to the opposing king      indefinitely.":
   1 e,q;"An exchange takes place when,   on consecutive moves, two men ofequal value are captured, (one  by each player).":
   1 d,q;"When a piece or pawn attacks    more than one enemy man at a    time, it is said to be forking  the enemy men."
   1 d,q;"The concept of Capturing (or    taking) has already been        introduced. This section        examines capturing in more      detail."
   1 d,q;"REMEMBER:":
   1 d,q;"Another type of Double Attack isthe Discovered Attack.":
   1 d,q;"4. The defending side must not     be able to defend both pieces":
   1 d,q;" 4. Just because it is possible     to put the opposing king        into check, this does not       mean that it is a good idea     to do so. Take each position    on it's own merit."
   1 d,q;" 1 ..... g8-h8":
   1 c$="050c":
   1 c$="041m":
   1 c$="041c051c061c":
   1 c$="031c041c051c061c071c081c091c101c":
   1 c$="031c041c":
   1 c$="030m":
   1 c$="030c":
   1 c$="021c040c050c":
   1 c$="021c040c":
   1 c$="021c031c041c"
   1 c$="021c":
   1 c$="020c030s":
   1 c$="020c030d040c050m":
   1 c$="020c030c040c":
   1 c$="011pqa8":
   1 c$="011c021m":
   1 c$="011c021c031c":
   1 c$="000pqh8":
   1 c$="000pqd8":
   1 a$=v$+"wqa6xa5":
   1 a$=v$(u11-zp)+v$(u11-k7
   1 a$="zqc1":
   1 a$="xh7h5qe4zkg8":
   1 a$="xg4zpg5":
   1 a$="xg1id4re1zqg3":
   1 a$="xg1b1kf1zrb2":
   1 a$="xf6zqd8":
   1 a$="xf5zie6":
   1 a$="xf4g7id4zqg3":
   1 a$="xf3nd3d4zre7":
   1 a$="xf2zne4":
   1 a$="xf2zid8":
   1 a$="xf1f7re1znd6":
   1 a$="xe8re4":
   1 a$="xe7zqd8":
   1 a$="xe7zih4":
   1 a$="xe7nd4zkd8pe6":
   1 a$="xe4id3":
   1 a$="xe4f3nd4zre7":
   1 a$="xe3f4re1zqg3":
   1 a$="xe3f3pf2zre7":
   1 a$="xe2if3qd1znc3":
   1 a$="xd8qd7":
   1 a$="xd8pd7":
   1 a$="xd7b8qd2zka7":
   1 a$="xd2ke1qd1znc3":
   1 a$="xd2a7qd7zkb8":
   1 a$="xc4b8qf4zrc8":
   1 a$="xc3znd5":
   1 a$="xc3f4h1id4re1zqg3id5":
   1 a$="xa1c1qd2zra2":
   1 a$="rf7zkf6":
   1 a$="rd5zqc6":
   1 a$="rd5nb2xd8qc4zrb8c8qc6":
   1 a$="rc1nc7zqb6":
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   1 Part5     
   1 Part4     
   1 Part3     
   1 Created with Ramsoft MakeTZX
   1 ,"White to play and checkmate.",3545
   1 ,"Part 4","STALEMATE - EXERCISES","STALEMATE","PERPETUAL CHECK","PERPET. CHECK","CAPTURING - 2","z","EN PRISE","z","EXCHANGING","z","TACTICS - INTRODUCTION","TACTICS","PINS","z"
   1 ,"Part 3","CASTLING - EXERCISES","CASTLING","CHECK","z","CHECKMATE","z","STALEMATE - INTRODUCTION","STALEMATE"
   1 ,"PART 5","FORKS","z","DISCOVERED ATTACK","DISC. ATTACK","DISCOVERED CHECK","DISC. CHECK","DOUBLE CHECK","z","SKEWER","z"
   1 )="White's rook is on the same colour square as Black's bishop.":
   1 )="White's pieces are on the same colour as Black's c6 bishop.":
   1 )="White's bishop is on the same diagonal as the Black king":
   1 )="White must counterattack.":
   1 )="Two of Black's pieces are temporarily undefended."
   1 )="There is a veiled attack on White's queen.":
   1 )="The only Black piece able to move is the queen.":
   1 )="The knight check a5-c6 gets White nowhere after d8-c8.":
   1 )="The key lies in 'losing' the queen.":
   1 )="The White queen is on the same diagonal as the Black king.":
   1 )="The Black rook is on the same file as White's king."
   1 )="The Black king is exposed on rank 7."
   1 )="Hint: look for a combination of the b1 bishop and the queen.":
   1 )="Black's rook is undefended.":
   1 )="Black's rook has a hidden attack on the queen.":
   1 )="Black's queen is on the same colour square as White's bishop.":
   1 )="Black's last move leaves his back rank weak.":
   1 "This occurs when two men work   together to attack at least two targets."
   1 "The notation for Checkmate is   'ch. mt.', or 'mate', or '++'.":
   1 "The 4 main types of tactics are:":
   1 "Tactics can be used during any  phase of a game."
   1 "One of the enemy men has to     move, and the other is captured.":
   1 "Like Stalemate, it can thereforebe used as a tactic to gain a   draw if you are behind in       material.":
   1 "Discovered attack is related to Discovered Check and Double     Check, both of which are        discussed later.":
   1 "Checkmate is also known as      'mate'."
   1 "A Fork is therefore a Double    Attack.":
   1 "8. Checkmate can occur at any      time during a game, even        during the opening.":
   1 "7. There must be a threat to       gain material, or some other    real advantage.":
   1 "7. Checkmate can occur anywhere    on the board. It is often       easier to force checkmate at    the edge of the board, where    the king has fewer escape       squares."
   1 "6. The defending side must not     be able to capture or           exchange the forking piece.":
   1 "6. Checkmate can be given with     a capture."
   1 "5. The defending side must not     be able to launch a strong      counterattack."
   1 "5. Any piece or pawn except the    king can give checkmate.":
   1 "4. In skewering, the attacking     side threatens immediate gain   and thus immediate effect.":
   1 "4. Checkmate takes place one       move before the king is         actually captured."
   1 "4 Skewer":
   1 "3. The player who gives            checkmate wins the game."
   1 "3. The attacking man skewers the   enemy man through another man"
   1 "3. A fork combined with giving     check is especially dangerous   to your opponent, as he must    remove the threat to the king   and can't therefore protect     the other man.":
   1 "3 Discovered Attack":
   1 "2. When checkmate occurs, the      game is ended."
   1 "2. The defending side must parry   the check. There is no option   to capture either the moving    or the unveiled man."
   1 "2. Only a bishop, rook, or queen   can perform a skewer."
   1 "2. If possible the fork should     be made by a man of lesser      value than those being forked":
   1 "2 Forks":
   1 "1. The object of the game is to    checkmate your opponent."
   1 "1. The enemy pieces being forked   should either be undefended     or inadequately guarded, and    therefore weak.":
   1 "1. Effectively gives the           attacking side 2 consecutive    moves with the unmasking        (moving) piece."
   1 "1. A skewer is a form of double    attack, similar to a pin."
   1 " 3. If a knight is giving check,    it is not possible to use       the defence of interposing      another piece."
   1 " 1. The attacked king must move     out of check."
   1 " 1. If you are put into check,      your next move MUST get your    king out of check."
   1 "   In the example you saw, the     White pawn moved once to        expose the check on the         king, then again to attack      the rook."